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You're Not Imagining It, Over-the-counter Cold And Flu Tablets Probably Don't Work
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Day & Night Nurse Tablets Among Medicines BANNED From Sale
SOME of the UK's most popular cough, cold and flu remedies are no more after suddenly being withdrawn.
– What has happened?
Watchdog the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has ordered some products off the shelves over worries about the potential for people to suffer a rare allergic reaction.
It says cough medicines containing the ingredient pholcodine are being recalled and withdrawn from the UK "as a precaution".
This follows assessment of the risk of "very rare" anaphylaxis – a major allergic reaction – when people who have taken pholcodine in the previous 12 months have a general anaesthetic with neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBA).
The MHRA said: "The available data has demonstrated that pholcodine use, particularly in the 12 months before general anaesthesia with NMBAs, is a risk factor for developing an anaphylactic reaction to NMBAs."
– What are NMBAs?
Neuromuscular blocking drugs are also known as muscle relaxants and data suggests they are used in around half of general anaesthetics administered in the UK.
NMBAs block the transmission of signals between motor nerve endings and skeletal muscles, preventing the affected muscles from contracting.
One use is when a patient needs to be intubated, with the NMBA paralysing or relaxing the jaw and the vocal cords.
– Which products are being withdrawn?
The following products have been recalled: Boots Night Cough Relief Oral Solution, PL 00014/0230
Boots Dry Cough Syrup 6 Years+, PL 00014/0523
Boots Day Cold & Flu Relief Oral Solution, PL 00014/0565
Cofsed Linctus, PL 00240/0097
Care Pholcodine 5mg/5ml Oral Solution Sugar Free, PL 00240/0101
Galenphol Linctus, PL 00240/0101
Galenphol Paediatric Linctus, PL 00240/0102
Galenphol Strong Linctus, PL 00240/0103
Covonia Dry Cough Sugar Free Formula, PL 00240/0353
Pholcodine Linctus Bells Healthcare 5mg Per 5ml Oral Solution, PL 03105/0059
Numark Pholcodine 5mg per 5ml Oral Solution, PL 03105/0059
Well Pharmaceuticals Pholcodine 5mg per 5ml Oral Solution, PL 03105/0059
Superdrug Pholcodine Linctus BP, PL 03105/0059
Strong Pholcodine Linctus BP, PL 03105/0060
Pholcodine Linctus BP, PL 04917/0002
Strong Pholcodine Linctus BP, PL 04917/0005
Pholcodine Linctus, PL 12965/0030 Day & Night Nurse Capsules, PL 44673/0068
Day Nurse Capsules, PL 44673/0069
Day Nurse, PL 44673/0075
– I'm due to have an anaethestic what should I do?
Patients are being advised to tell their anaesthetist if they think they have taken pholcodine in the previous year and are about to undergo general anaesthetic.
The MHRA says people should also check products in their home (such as the packaging, label or patient information leaflet) to see if any contain pholcodine.
It said people can talk to their pharmacist about other suitable medications for relief from coughing.
New Coronavirus Vs. Flu
COVID-19 and the flu have some overlapping symptoms. However, there are several differences between them.
The novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).
Both COVID-19 and the flu are respiratory illnesses that spread from person to person. This article will discuss the differences between COVID-19 and the flu.
The symptoms of the flu and COVID-19 have a lot of overlap. They also have a few differences. One main difference is in symptom onset.
People who have the flu will typically experience symptoms within 1–4 days. The symptoms of COVID-19 often develop within 1–14 days. The median incubation period for COVID-19 is 6.57 days. However, the exact incubation period ranges across the different variants.
As a point of comparison, the incubation period for a cold is 1–3 days.
The symptoms of COVID-19 are similar in both children and adults. However, according to a 2020 review of studies, children are more likely to be asymptomatic or present with mild, cold-like symptoms, such as a headache or sore throat.
The following table outlines the symptoms of COVID-19, the flu, and a cold.
It is difficult to tell the difference between the flu and COVID-19 by looking at symptoms alone. It is also possible to have both the flu and COVID-19 at the same time. Testing is needed to confirm a diagnosis.
The symptoms of COVID-19 and flu can range from mild to severe. Both can also cause pneumonia. However, most cases of both the flu and COVID-19 are mild and can be treated and managed at home.
Initial data from the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested that 15% of COVID-19 cases are severe, and 5% are critical. People in a critical state require a ventilator to breathe.
However, according to July 2022 data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 9% of COVID-19 cases were severe enough to require ICU care, and about 0.6% needed mechanical ventilation.
The chance of severe and critical infection is higher with COVID-19 than with the flu.
COVID-19 is also more deadly. According to the WHO, the mortality rate for COVID-19 appears to be higher than that of the flu.
Those most at risk of severe illness or complications related to these viruses include the elderly and those with underlying medical issues.
We are still learning about post-COVID conditions, also known as long COVID, that may result from infection with the new coronavirus.
Compared with the flu, research on COVID-19 remains in its early stages.
According to the CDC, getting vaccinated for COVID-19 and following recommended booster schedules is the best way to prevent severe illness.
Both SARS-CoV-2 and the flu virus primarily spread through person-to-person contact. Tiny droplets containing the viruses can pass from someone with the infection to someone else, typically through the nose and mouth via coughing and sneezing.
According to the CDC, people can transmit the flu virus to others who are 6 feet (ft) away. And the WHO recommends that people stay at least 6 ft from anyone coughing or sneezing to help prevent the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The WHO also reports that the virus can also live on surfaces. However, the risk of contracting the coronavirus from a surface is low.
According to the CDC, COVID-19 remains contagious for longer than the flu, but both can spread easily.
The WHO indicates that people with the flu can pass the virus on before they show any symptoms. Likewise, a person can pass on the SARS-CoV-2 infection even if they have no symptoms.
There are differences in transmission between children and adults.
According to the WHO, the transmission of the flu from children to adults is common. However, based on early data, it appears that it is more common for adults to pass the SARS-CoV-2 infection onto children. Children are less likely to develop symptoms or severe disease.
Most people with the flu do not require medical treatment. But a doctor might prescribe antiviral drugs in some cases, which can reduce the symptoms by 1–2 days.
These antiviral drugs help the body fight the virus. They treat symptoms and reduce how long the illness lasts.
Most people with COVID-19 also do not require medical treatment. For mild cases, a person should remain home and undertake social distancing. Antiviral therapy may be prescribed for those at risk of serious illness, depending on a person's:
Early treatment can reduce symptom severity and the risk of hospitalization.
For more severe cases of COVID-19, a person may require supplemental oxygen or mechanical ventilation on a breathing machine to treat the respiratory problems that may occur.
The most effective way to prevent the flu or COVID-19 is through vaccination.
Flu shotMany strains of influenza can cause infection. The dominant strains circulating often change from season to season.
Researchers meet each year to predict which strains will be circulating during the upcoming flu season to best match the vaccine components to the current dominant strains.
As dominant strains change from season to season, experts recommend getting the flu vaccine every year.
COVID-19 vaccinationIn December 2020, the first COVID-19 vaccinations became available for emergency use in the United States for people ages 16 years and older. Depending on the vaccine manufacturer, it consists of 1 to 3 doses. A person is not considered fully vaccinated unless all doses are administered.
The CDC also recommends additional booster shots when a person becomes eligible after the initial vaccination course.
New COVID booster shots formulated to target multiple subvariants are also anticipated to become available this fall.
Other tipsOther steps to prevent the spread of these viruses include:
Both COVID-19 and the flu are viral infections.
Viruses are tiny microbes that survive by invading other living cells. These cells become host cells to the virus, which multiplies inside of them. They can then spread to new cells around the body.
Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. The virus SARS-CoV-2 causes the infection that leads to COVID-19.
There are two types of viruses that cause the flu — influenza A and B. There are also several subtypes of influenza A. Any of these viruses can cause the flu.
COVID-19 and the flu are viral infections that spread through person-to-person contact. Both share similar symptoms and have the potential to lead to serious illness and complications.
The best way to prevent illness is to get vaccinated for both flu and COVID-19.
Read the article in Spanish.
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