The Flu Is Back: Here's How To Get Through It - Yale Medicine

For most healthy children and adults, home care is the best way to treat flu. This includes rest, drinking plenty of fluids, and, if needed, taking over-the-counter medications to lower fevers or reduce muscle pain.

But for those at risk of severe disease or complications from flu, an antiviral treatment is recommended. And the list of qualifications for risk of significant illness is quite long, notes Dr. Ellman. "This includes anyone over age 65, children under age 2, pregnant women or women who have delivered a baby within two weeks, people in nursing homes and long-term care facilities, and those with chronic asthma, heart conditions, diabetes, cancer, obesity, and more," he says.

The first antiviral treatment recommended for children and adults is typically oseltamivir (brand name: Tamiflu). The medication, which comes in pill and liquid form, is taken twice a day for five days and should be started within 48 hours of symptom onset.

It's important to know that antiviral medications take a little time to work. "They will shorten the course of illness by a couple of days, and the earlier you take it, the better," Dr. Murray says.

There are also other antiviral treatments for children and adults, Dr. Murray notes. The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) provides information on them here, as well as a complete list of conditions that make people more susceptible to developing serious complications from the flu.

Tamiflu side effects, which include nausea and vomiting, are rare in adults, Dr. Ellman says, but children are more likely to experience gastrointestinal symptoms. In rare cases, some children also experience neuropsychiatric symptoms, Dr. Murray says. These can include delirium, delusions, tremors, and anxiety symptoms, among others, so they must be monitored for changes in behavior while on the drug.

"If a child is hospitalized or if they have underlying problems that put them at high risk for being admitted to the hospital or having a serious illness, we would treat them with antivirals because the potential benefits outweigh the adverse effects," says Dr. Murray. "But with children who are otherwise healthy, parents have to decide if the benefits are worth the side effects that come with antiviral treatment."

The other value of antiviral flu treatments, Dr. Murray says, is that they can be used prophylactically with high-risk close contacts. "If you have a household member who has an immune problem, cancer, or a lung problem and they're at a very high risk for being hospitalized from flu, then you can give these medicines to prevent influenza once they've been exposed to a close contact," he says.